The "Rules of Gunfighting" aren't a formally codified doctrine within the United States Marine Corps (USMC). Instead, they represent a collection of tactical principles and observations gleaned from real-world combat experiences, passed down through generations of Marines. These aren't rigid rules but rather adaptable guidelines emphasizing survival and effectiveness in close-quarters combat (CQB) and other dynamic firefights. Understanding these principles provides valuable insight into the realities of armed conflict and the mindset of a Marine in combat.
Key Principles Often Associated with the USMC Rules of Gunfighting
While a definitive list varies depending on the source and individual interpretation, several core principles consistently emerge:
1. Always be aware of your surroundings.
This fundamental principle stresses situational awareness as paramount. Marines are trained to constantly scan their environment, anticipating potential threats and identifying escape routes. This includes paying attention to sounds, smells, and visual cues. Neglecting this can be fatal.
2. Have a plan.
Even in chaotic situations, a basic plan, however rudimentary, is crucial. This might involve identifying cover, selecting a firing position, and designating a backup plan if the initial strategy fails. Improvisation is vital, but having a starting point gives Marines a tactical edge.
3. Keep it simple.
Overly complex tactics can lead to confusion and errors under pressure. Marines are trained to employ simple, effective techniques that are easily executed and understood by all team members. This simplifies coordination and boosts efficiency in combat.
4. Be decisive.
Hesitation can be lethal. In a gunfight, decisive action, whether engaging the enemy or seeking cover, is often the difference between survival and casualty. This requires both training and mental fortitude.
5. Communicate.
Clear and concise communication is essential in maintaining team cohesion and coordinating actions. Marines utilize specific communication protocols to maintain situational awareness and provide updates to other team members quickly and efficiently.
6. Move and shoot.
Remaining stationary during a firefight makes a Marine a prime target. The ability to move while accurately engaging the enemy is a crucial skill that significantly increases survivability. This emphasizes the importance of mobility and tactical maneuvers.
7. Employ Cover and Concealment.
Utilizing natural or artificial barriers to shield oneself from enemy fire is a basic survival technique. Understanding the difference between cover (protects from bullets) and concealment (hides the Marine from view) is critical in choosing a position.
8. Control your emotions.
Fear, adrenaline, and stress can severely impair judgment and performance. Marines undergo intense training to manage these emotions and maintain a level head under pressure.
Beyond the "Rules": Modern Marine Combat Realities
The principles outlined above represent foundational elements of effective combat. However, modern warfare involves complexities absent from simplistic rules. Advanced technology, urban combat scenarios, and asymmetric warfare tactics present unique challenges that demand adaptability and constant refinement of tactical approaches. The USMC continuously evolves its training and doctrine to meet these challenges.
Conclusion
The USMC “Rules of Gunfighting” aren't a rigid set of regulations, but rather a collection of hard-won lessons emphasizing adaptability, decisiveness, and situational awareness. They provide a glimpse into the harsh realities of combat and the mental and physical preparedness needed to survive and succeed in a firefight. Understanding these principles offers insight into the training and mindset of the modern Marine.
