The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is renowned for its rigorous training and combat effectiveness. Their approach to close-quarters combat (CQB) and gunfighting isn't codified in a single, readily available document titled "Rules for Gunfighting." Instead, their doctrine is built upon a collection of principles, tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) learned through decades of experience and honed through constant training and evolution. This guide synthesizes those core tenets, providing insights into the USMC's approach to lethal engagements.
Understanding the Marine Corps Mindset
Before delving into specific tactical considerations, it's crucial to grasp the overarching philosophy underpinning Marine Corps gunfighting. It's characterized by:
- Aggressive Action: Marines are trained to seize the initiative, utilizing speed and violence of action to overcome the enemy. Passive defense is rarely the preferred option.
- Decisive Engagement: The goal is swift and decisive victory, minimizing exposure and casualties. Prolonged firefights are avoided whenever possible.
- Teamwork and Communication: Effective communication and coordinated actions within a fireteam or squad are paramount. Individual heroism is less valued than team success.
- Adaptability: Marines must be able to adapt to constantly changing situations, improvising when plans go awry. Rigidity is the enemy of survival.
Core Principles of Marine Corps Gunfighting
While not explicitly stated as numbered "rules," the following principles consistently inform USMC gunfighting techniques:
1. Prioritize Situational Awareness
Maintaining constant situational awareness (SA) is arguably the most critical aspect. This involves:
- Observing your surroundings: Constantly scan your environment for potential threats, both immediate and distant.
- Listening for clues: Pay close attention to sounds that could indicate enemy activity.
- Understanding the terrain: Use the terrain to your advantage, seeking cover and concealment.
2. Control Your Fire
Uncontrolled fire is wasteful and ineffective. Marines are trained to:
- Aim carefully: Ensure every shot counts.
- Control your breathing: Steady breathing is essential for accurate shooting.
- Fire only when necessary: Avoid wasting ammunition and revealing your position.
3. Move and Shoot Effectively
The combination of movement and fire is crucial for survival. This requires:
- Utilizing cover and concealment: Moving strategically between positions, using cover to shield from enemy fire.
- Maintaining fire superiority: Suppressing the enemy while advancing.
- Effective communication: Coordinating movements and fire with teammates.
4. Master Fundamentals of Marksmanship
Proficiency with individual weapons is fundamental. This includes:
- Proper weapon handling: Safe and effective manipulation of the weapon.
- Zeroing and sight adjustment: Ensuring accuracy at various ranges.
- Weapon maintenance: Keeping the weapon clean and functioning correctly.
5. Teamwork and Communication Are Paramount
Success in gunfights hinges on seamless teamwork. This necessitates:
- Clear communication: Using concise and unambiguous commands.
- Coordination of fire: Suppressive fire, flanking maneuvers, and coordinated assaults.
- Mutual support: Protecting each other and providing assistance when needed.
Beyond the Basics: Advanced Considerations
The USMC's approach to gunfighting extends beyond these core principles. Advanced training incorporates elements like:
- CQB techniques: Close-quarters combat tactics, including room clearing and breaching procedures.
- Improvised Explosive Device (IED) awareness: Recognizing and avoiding IEDs.
- Medical self-aid and buddy aid: Providing immediate medical care to oneself and comrades.
Conclusion
The "rules" for USMC gunfighting aren't a rigid set of commandments but rather a dynamic synthesis of principles and practices honed through experience and constant refinement. The emphasis on aggressive action, decisive engagement, teamwork, and adaptability highlights the Marine Corps' commitment to achieving victory in any combat scenario. This guide offers a glimpse into the core tenets that govern their approach, emphasizing the importance of situational awareness, controlled fire, effective movement, mastery of fundamentals, and above all, teamwork. Remember, this information is for educational purposes only and should not be interpreted as a guide for actual combat scenarios. Always seek professional training from qualified instructors.
