The choice between a 5.7x28mm and a .22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire (.22 WMR) cartridge often arises in discussions about self-defense, small game hunting, and even pest control. While both are relatively small calibers, their capabilities and applications differ significantly. This in-depth comparison will delve into the ballistic properties, practical applications, and overall suitability of each cartridge to help you make an informed decision.
Ballistic Performance: Power and Penetration
The most significant difference lies in their ballistic performance. The 5.7x28mm, a bottlenecked pistol cartridge, boasts significantly higher velocity and energy compared to the .22 WMR, a rimfire cartridge.
5.7x28mm:
- Higher Velocity: Typically exceeding 2000 fps (feet per second). This translates to flatter trajectory and greater range.
- Greater Energy: Delivers substantially more energy upon impact, leading to increased stopping power and penetration.
- Superior Penetration: Can penetrate soft barriers (clothing, drywall) more effectively, making it suitable for self-defense scenarios where obstacles might be present. However, over-penetration is a potential concern.
- Designed for Small Arms: Developed specifically for use in personal defense weapons (PDWs) like the FN Five-seveN pistol.
.22 WMR:
- Lower Velocity: Generally ranges from 1400-1600 fps. This leads to a more pronounced bullet drop at longer ranges.
- Lower Energy: Delivers less energy on impact compared to the 5.7x28mm, resulting in reduced stopping power.
- Limited Penetration: Penetration is generally lower than the 5.7x28mm, especially through heavier barriers.
- Versatile Rimfire: Suitable for a wider variety of firearms, including rifles, handguns, and revolvers.
Practical Applications: Where Each Cartridge Excels
The distinct ballistic profiles of these cartridges dictate their ideal applications:
5.7x28mm:
- Self-Defense: The higher velocity and penetration make it effective for self-defense, particularly against threats wearing body armor.
- Law Enforcement: Used by some law enforcement agencies for its effectiveness against lightly armored targets.
- Small Game Hunting: Suitable for small game hunting at close to medium ranges, but the higher cost per round might make it less economical than other options.
.22 WMR:
- Small Game Hunting: Excellent for small game hunting such as rabbits, squirrels, and groundhogs. Its affordability makes it a popular choice.
- Pest Control: Effective for eliminating rodents and other pests.
- Target Shooting: Its relatively low recoil and manageable cost make it a good option for recreational target shooting.
- Self-defense (Limited): While less powerful than the 5.7x28mm, it can be used for self-defense in situations where a higher caliber is unavailable. However, shot placement is critical.
Cost and Availability: A Factor to Consider
The cost of ammunition is another critical factor. Generally, .22 WMR ammunition is significantly more affordable than 5.7x28mm, making it a more economical choice for practice and high-volume shooting. However, the availability of 5.7x28mm ammunition, while generally good, can sometimes be impacted by supply chain issues and demand.
Conclusion: Choosing the Right Cartridge
The choice between 5.7x28mm and .22 WMR depends entirely on your intended use. The 5.7x28mm excels in situations demanding higher penetration and stopping power, making it suitable for self-defense and certain law enforcement applications. The .22 WMR, on the other hand, is a versatile and more affordable option for small game hunting, pest control, and recreational shooting. Carefully consider your needs and priorities before making a decision. This comparison provides a factual basis for your choice; always consult with firearms experts and adhere to all safety regulations when handling firearms and ammunition.
