Choosing the right cartridge for long-range shooting or hunting can be a daunting task. Two frequently debated contenders are the 338 Lapua Magnum and the 45-70 Government. While both are powerful cartridges, their strengths and weaknesses differ significantly, making the "better" choice heavily dependent on the intended application. This detailed comparison will explore the key features of each cartridge, aiding you in making an informed decision.
Ballistics and Performance: A Tale of Two Calibers
The core difference lies in their ballistic properties and intended purposes. The 338 Lapua Magnum is a modern, high-velocity, long-range cartridge designed for extreme accuracy at extended distances. Its high velocity and aerodynamic bullet designs allow for impressive flight characteristics, making it ideal for precision shooting at ranges exceeding 1000 yards.
The 45-70 Government, on the other hand, is a classic, powerful, and versatile round with a rich history. While capable of impressive accuracy at shorter to medium ranges, its lower velocity and heavier bullets lead to a more pronounced bullet drop and wind drift at longer distances compared to the 338 Lapua Magnum. Its primary strength is its devastating stopping power on large game animals.
Key Ballistic Differences Summarized:
| Feature | 338 Lapua Magnum | 45-70 Government |
|---|---|---|
| Velocity | Significantly higher | Significantly lower |
| Range | Exceptional, exceeding 1000 yards | Moderate, optimal under 500 yards |
| Bullet Weight | Typically lighter, more aerodynamic bullets | Typically heavier, subsonic to supersonic options |
| Recoil | Substantial | Substantial, but manageable with proper technique |
| Energy | High at long ranges | Extremely high at close ranges |
| Application | Long-range precision shooting, hunting large game | Hunting large game, shorter-range applications |
Weaponry and Availability: Platform Considerations
The 338 Lapua Magnum is generally found in purpose-built bolt-action rifles, often featuring heavier barrels and more robust actions to handle the substantial recoil. These rifles are typically precision instruments designed for accuracy. Ammunition availability is generally good, though often more expensive than 45-70.
The 45-70 Government, being an older cartridge, enjoys broader platform compatibility. It can be found in lever-action rifles, bolt-action rifles, and even some shotguns (with appropriate conversion). This makes it a versatile choice for hunting in various scenarios. Ammunition for the 45-70 is readily available and generally more affordable.
Hunting Applications: Stopping Power vs. Long-Range Precision
Both cartridges excel in hunting large game, but their strengths differ. The 338 Lapua Magnum's high velocity and flat trajectory make it ideal for ethical long-range shots on animals at considerable distances, minimizing suffering.
The 45-70 Government's tremendous stopping power, especially with heavier bullets, makes it an excellent choice for close-range hunting or situations where a quick, decisive shot is crucial. Its larger diameter bullet creates significant wound channels.
Conclusion: Choosing the Right Tool for the Job
Ultimately, the choice between the 338 Lapua Magnum and the 45-70 Government hinges on your specific needs and intended applications. The 338 Lapua Magnum reigns supreme for long-range precision shooting and hunting where extended distances are involved. The 45-70 Government provides unmatched stopping power at closer ranges and boasts greater platform versatility. Carefully consider your priorities and intended use to select the cartridge that best suits your requirements.
