Choosing the right ammunition is crucial for a successful turkey hunt. While 12-gauge shotguns reign supreme, the 20-gauge offers a compelling alternative, particularly for hunters seeking a lighter, more manageable firearm. This guide delves into the specifics of 20 gauge turkey loads, helping you select the best option for your hunting style and preferences.
Understanding 20 Gauge Turkey Load Characteristics
20-gauge turkey loads, while less powerful than their 12-gauge counterparts, still pack a significant punch, especially with modern ammunition advancements. Key characteristics to consider include:
Shot Size: Finding the Sweet Spot
Shot size is paramount in turkey hunting. Larger shot sizes (like #4 or #5) deliver more energy and knockdown power at longer ranges, essential for ethical and efficient harvests. However, smaller shot sizes (#6 or #7) can be advantageous in close-range encounters, offering a denser pattern and potentially less recoil. Consider your typical hunting range and shooting style when selecting a shot size.
Important Note: Always check your state's hunting regulations for legal shot sizes.
Payload: More is (Usually) Better
The payload, or the amount of shot in each shell, directly impacts the pattern density and range. Heavier payloads generally produce denser patterns, increasing the likelihood of a clean kill. While you'll find variations, consider loads with at least 1 1/8 ounces of shot for reliable performance.
Choke: Optimizing Pattern Density
The choke tube significantly influences the shot pattern. For 20-gauge turkey hunting, a full or extra-full choke is generally recommended. These chokes constrict the shot column, concentrating pellets for tighter patterns at longer ranges. Experimentation with different chokes on your particular gun and load combination is key to achieving optimal results.
Shell Type: Beyond the Basics
Modern 20-gauge turkey loads offer various shell types beyond traditional lead shot. Consider these options:
- Hevi-Shot: This tungsten-iron alloy offers superior density, leading to increased penetration and effective range. Hevi-Shot is a premium option, providing excellent performance but at a higher cost.
- Tungsten-Matrix: Similar to Hevi-Shot, Tungsten-Matrix loads provide excellent performance with a high-density shot.
- Steel Shot: While less dense than Hevi-Shot or Tungsten-Matrix, steel shot remains a popular and effective option, particularly in areas with lead restrictions.
Choosing the Right 20 Gauge Load for You
The best 20-gauge turkey load depends on your individual needs and hunting style. Here are some factors to consider:
- Hunting Range: If you primarily hunt at longer distances, prioritize heavier payloads and larger shot sizes with a full or extra-full choke. Close-range hunters might find smaller shot sizes and slightly lighter loads acceptable.
- Recoil Sensitivity: 20-gauge shotguns generally offer less recoil than 12-gauge, but recoil can still be a factor. If recoil is a concern, opt for lighter loads or consider using a recoil pad.
- Budget: Ammunition costs vary significantly. While premium loads like Hevi-Shot offer superior performance, they come with a higher price tag.
Beyond the Load: Essential Considerations
Selecting the right ammunition is just one piece of the puzzle. Other factors contributing to a successful hunt include:
- Practice: Regular practice is crucial for improving your shooting skills and pattern consistency. Pattern your chosen load at various distances to ensure effective shot placement.
- Gun Fit: A properly fitted shotgun enhances accuracy and reduces fatigue.
- Ethical Hunting Practices: Always ensure a clean kill and follow all relevant hunting regulations.
By carefully considering these factors and selecting the appropriate 20-gauge turkey load, you can significantly increase your chances of a successful and ethical turkey hunting season. Remember to always practice safe gun handling and follow all applicable hunting regulations.
